Teaching Period:1st Semester
Course Type: Mandatory
Credits:2 ECTS

• Course content

– Research Items
– Evaluation of Medical Articles-Medical Journals
– Research Methodology
– Bibliography search
-How to write a medical article
-How is medical research presented?

• Learning outcomes

Upon completion of the course, students will have learned to plan, conduct research, analyze and process their data, as well as be able to assess the quality and findings of other research that has been carried out in the past by various other scientists. Particular emphasis is placed on the principles of scientific research, the different epistemological approaches to research, the ways of organizing, planning and conducting scientific research, the techniques of collecting and analyzing data, the search and compilation of bibliographic material, as well as the specific form of writing research reports and publications. In addition, students will have learned the use of the basic rules of statistical processing of results.

Teaching Period:1st Semester
Course Type: Mandatory
Credits:2 ECTS

• Course content

1. Emergency situations (from the gastroenterologist's side)
2. Colon-rectal trauma

• Learning outcomes

Upon completion of the course, students will acquire specialized knowledge regarding the treatment of emergency situations by a gastroenterologist, while the treatment of colon-rectal trauma will be analyzed.

Teaching Period:1st Semester
Course Type: Mandatory
Credits:3 ECTS

• Course content

1. Functional anatomy of the large intestine
2. Irritable bowel syndrome 
3. Constipation – Pseudoobstruction
4. Anatomical basis of fecal incontinence and obstructive dyspepsia
5. Physiology of anorectal region motility
6. Faecal incontinence: Etiology, pathophysiology, clinical picture. Investigation and treatment (conservative – invasive)
7. Obstructive constipation/dyschesia syndrome
Pathophysiology, clinical picture, functional study methods
Imaging methods Conservative and invasive approach
8. Obstructive constipation/dyschesia syndrome
Manometry / Bioresonance / Aphthogram / Surgical techniques
9. Defecation dyssynergia
10. Obstructive constipation/dyschesia syndrome
11. Incident discussion

• Learning outcomes

Upon completion of the courses in this module, students will have acquired specialized knowledge regarding functional disorders of the colon and anorectal region. Students will have been taught the functional disorders that involve irritable bowel syndrome, constipation by presenting the most up-to-date data and through interactive discussion of clinical cases. This module will present data that apply to functional disorders of the anorectal region and more specifically to fecal incontinence and obstructive dyschesia. The etiology and pathophysiology of incontinence will be analyzed and conservative and invasive treatment methods will be presented. Students will also acquire knowledge regarding the pathophysiology, functional study methods, imaging investigation as well as therapeutic approaches for obstructive constipation syndrome. Students will also gain knowledge about defecation dyssynergia and will be given the opportunity to test the acquired knowledge through a discussion of clinical cases.

Teaching Period:1st Semester
Course Type: Mandatory
Credits:3 ECTS

• Course content

1. Total rectal prolapse: Definition, pathophysiology, clinical picture, diagnostic approach
2. Total rectal prolapse: Surgical treatment
3. Presentation of incidents

• Learning outcomes

Upon completion of the course, students will have acquired specialized knowledge regarding rectal prolapse. The types of surgical procedures for the treatment of prolapse will be presented in detail, while comparative data on transabdominal and perineal procedures will be presented.

Teaching Period:1st Semester
Course Type: Mandatory
Credits:6 ECTS

• Course content

1. Anatomical and pathophysiological basis of hemorrhoids 
2. Diagnostic approach to hemorrhoids             
3. Clinical picture and indications for surgical treatment. Prevention and conservative treatment      
4. Surgical techniques. Detailed presentation
5. Non-surgical invasive treatments. Results and complications of surgical techniques
6. Pathophysiology and clinical picture of tear duct syndrome,   
7. Treatment of tear duct syndrome
8. Periapical abscess: Definition, Classification, Etiology, Clinical picture, Diagnosis, Treatment
9. Periapical fistula. Definition, Classification, Clinical picture, Diagnosis, A
10. Treatment of periurethral fistulas: Surgical techniques
11. Treatment of perianal fistulas. Other treatment methods 12. 12. Ortosinus fistula
13. Coccygeal cyst – Hidradenitis suppurativa
14. Fournier's gangrene
15. Sexually transmitted diseases of the anus - perianal region

• Learning outcomes

Upon completion of the course, students will have acquired specialized knowledge in the treatment of benign diseases of the anus.
In this section, the latest data regarding the treatment of hemorrhoidal disease will be presented and all modern and traditional surgical techniques will be evaluated. In this section, students will acquire knowledge in the treatment of special conditions and diseases and will be presented with modern bibliographic data in the treatment of hemorrhoidal syndrome. Detailed data on the classification, etiology, clinical picture, diagnosis and treatment of perianal abscess and perianal fistula will be presented. In this section of the course, students will have a comprehensive picture of the treatment of coccygeal cyst, Fournier gangrene, while they will acquire specialized knowledge about sexually transmitted diseases of the anus.

Teaching Period:1st Semester
Course Type: Mandatory
Credits:6 ECTS

• Course content

1. What are IBD? Epidemiological data and etiology
2. Clinical manifestations (intestinal – extraintestinal – complications)
3. Diagnosis and paraclinical investigation of IFN
4. Conservative treatment of IPF
5. Ulcerative colitis – indications for surgical treatment
6. Crohn's disease – indications for surgical treatment

• Learning outcomes

Upon completion of the course, students will have acquired the most recent information on the epidemiology and etiology of IBD. They will have acquired specific knowledge regarding the diagnosis and peri-clinical investigation of IBD, as well as regarding the latest data on the conservative treatment of IBD. They will acquire specialized knowledge regarding all surgical treatment methods after the presentation of the latest bibliographic data as well as the presentation of video surgical procedures. At the end of the thematic unit, students will participate in an interactive discussion of clinical cases. The unit will conclude with a comparative assessment of the bibliography.

Teaching Period:1st Semester
Course Type: Mandatory
Credits:2 ECTS

• Course content

1. Epidemiological data – Etiology – Pathogenesis
2. Clinical picture of diverticular disease and its complications
3. Differential diagnosis and correlations
4. Imaging in diverticular disease and its complications
5. Management of diverticular disease – Natural history and prevention of recurrence
6. Surgical treatment of uncomplicated diverticular disease
7. Classification of acute diverticulitis (clinical, imaging)
8. Acute uncomplicated diverticulitis (stage Ib – II)
9. Acute complicated diverticulitis (stage III – IV)

• Learning outcomes

Upon completion of the course, students will have acquired specialized knowledge in diverticular disease and the treatment of its complications. They will have acquired knowledge about the etiology and pathogenesis of diverticular disease according to the latest developments in genetics, abnormalities in neuromuscular function. Models of inflammation of the colonic mucosa will be analyzed and the role of the microbiome will be presented. They will have acquired a complete picture of the clinical manifestations, the differential diagnosis of the disease and its relationship with functional syndromes of the colon. The advantages of imaging methods in the diagnosis of the disease and its complications will be presented while they will have active participation in the presentation of each method. They will gain access to the latest information regarding the treatment of diverticular disease and the prevention of its recurrence. Upon completion of the module, students will have understood the importance of the clinical and imaging classification of acute diverticulitis, and will have learned the most recent data applicable to the conservative and surgical treatment of acute diverticulitis and its complications. At the end of the course, a comparative assessment of surgical options will be made and the therapeutic algorithm for the treatment of diverticulitis will be presented. The course will conclude with an interactive discussion of clinical scenarios.

Teaching Period:1st Semester
Course Type: Mandatory
Credits:2 ECTS

• Course content

1.Functional embryology / Embryological development of the colon / anorectal region. The importance of primordial embryonic plans in colon / rectal surgery
2. Anatomy of the large intestine
3. Anatomy of the anorectal region and pelvic floor:
-Topographic anatomy
-Arterial supply
-Venous drainage
-Lymphatic drainage
-Neurosis – anatomy of the autonomic nerve plexuses of the pelvis
-The anatomy of the anorectal region in its clinical application (peritoneal recovery, the role of the mesorectum)
4. Basic principles of colon and rectal imaging
5. Basic principles of physiology of the colon and rectum:
-Large intestine motility
-Motility of the anorectal region
-Function of defecation

• Learning outcomes

Upon completion of the course, students will have acquired detailed knowledge of the embryological development of the colon and rectum and the importance of embryonic primitives in colon and rectal surgery. They will have been taught the topographic anatomy of the colon and its importance in clinical practice. During the lessons of this unit, the anatomy of the rectum and pelvic floor will be studied and its importance in clinical practice will be discussed.
In the second part of the module, the basic principles of colon and rectal imaging, the principles of the physiology and motility of the colon and anorectal region, and the function of defecation will be taught. Students will have the opportunity to participate in an open discussion at the conclusion of each lecture, while they will also participate in the discussion and presentation of clinical scenarios.